Spacing of teeth: large gaps between teeth

What causes gaps between teeth?

Gaps between teeth, also called diastemas, can have several causes:

• Genetics, when jaw size and tooth size don’t match
• Missing or undersized teeth, such as lateral incisors
• Tongue thrusting
• Thumb sucking or pacifier use that goes on for a long time
• Extra tissue between the front teeth (the labial frenum)
• Teeth shifting because of periodontal (gum) problems in older patients

In kids, some spacing is completely normal while baby teeth fall out and adult teeth come in. If gaps stay or get wider over time, it may be a sign that orthodontic treatment is needed.

How do I know if my child’s tooth spacing is a problem?

You might notice:

• A visible space between the top front teeth
• Uneven gaps between several teeth
• Food often getting stuck between teeth
• Speech changes, especially a whistling sound
• Trouble biting or chewing

Some kids also feel self-conscious about how their smile looks, especially in the early teen years.

Why might gaps between teeth need treatment?

Spacing can seem minor, but in some cases it can lead to:

• Neighboring teeth shifting or tilting
• A bite that doesn’t line up properly
• Speech difficulties
• A higher risk of gum problems, because the teeth don’t touch
• Concerns about appearance that affect confidence

Closing gaps can improve both how your child’s smile looks and how it works. In some cases where teeth are congenitally missing, treatment can also make room for a replacement tooth.

How is tooth spacing treated?

Treatment depends on what’s causing the gaps and how large they are. Options may include:

• Braces to move teeth closer together over time
• Clear aligners like Invisalign® for teens or adults who are good candidates
• A frenectomy (removing extra gum tissue) if a tight frenum is part of the cause
• Bonding or veneers, in cosmetic cases with small lateral teeth
• Space maintainers or bridges if teeth are missing

Your orthodontist will recommend the option that fits your child’s needs, growth stage, and goals for their smile.

When should my child see an orthodontist?

If your child has large gaps between their teeth, or adult teeth seem late or missing, it’s a good time to schedule an orthodontic consultation. At Families First, consultations are free and include imaging and personalized treatment recommendations.

We’ll help you understand what’s causing the gaps and whether early treatment could help guide how your child’s smile develops over time.

Other signs a child may need braces: Crowded teeth, Deep overbite, Missing lateral incisors, Open bite, Overjet, Underbite.